基于滩涂围垦的海岛城市时空扩张特征研究——以舟山本岛为例

Dynamic analysis of urban spatial and temporal expansion of island city:A case study of Zhoushan Island

以舟山本岛为研究单元,利用1995年,2005年和2015年的遥感影像,采用生态学分析、空间统计学分析、城市扩张指数等方法来探究舟山本岛滩涂围垦活动和城市用地扩张的特点,并分析两者之间的关联。结果表明:(1)在1995—2015年的20a间,滩涂围垦的面积不断扩大。(2)1995—2005年的滩涂资源利用以近陆域的海涂为主,2005—2015年逐渐向浅海发展。(3)1995—2015年间,城市用地面积前10a增长强度为0.53,增长速度为3.01km^2/a,后10a增长强度为1.46,增长速度为8.11km^2/a。(4)舟山本岛的城市发展重心在20a间经历了一个自西向东移动而后向北跳跃的过程,各区域间协同发展,使舟山本岛经济整体性和城市功能合理性得到提升。(5)滩涂围垦形成的土地与城市用地扩张之间存在着正相关关系,且从研究数据来看两者之间发生自然演替需要时间,大约为8~10a,人工干预可以大幅缩短这个过程所需要的时间。

Based on the three phase of remote sensing images of Zhoushan Island in 1995, 2005 and 2015, through the interpretation of human-computer interaction, the image of the land resources and urban land use data were obtained. And then using the ecology analysis method, spatial statistics analysis method, urban expansion index method, the Zhoushan Island reclamation activities and urban land expansion characteristics were explored, and meanwhile the association between them was also analyzed. Finally, the following conclusions were acquired： （1） The total reclamation area in Zhoushan Island was expanded from 1995 to 2015. （2） In the first ten years, land use at the beach resources was mostly in land near the beach, while it gradually went to the shallow sea in the late ten years. （3） In the years from 1995 to 2005, the growth intensity was 0. 53 and the growth speed was 3. 01 km2/a. In the years from 2005 to 2015, the growth intensity was 1.46 and the growth speed was 8. 11 km2/a. （4） The city development center of Zhoushan Island had experienced a move from west to east and then had a northward jump process during the past 20 years. Coordinated development had been made among the various regions so that the economic integrity of Zhoushan Island and the rationality of urban functions had been upgraded. （5） The cultivation of land by tideland reclamation and urban land expansion were positively related, the research data showed that natural succession took about 8-10 years, artificial intervention could significantly shorten the process.