Advances in Cadaverine Bacterial Production and Its Applications

本文探讨了微波加热在工业锡粉熔化中的应用。对离心雾化法制备的金属锡粉的形貌和粒径进行了表征。锡粉颗粒均匀且呈球形,90%的颗粒粒径为38～75μm。通过介电性能测试,研究了锡粉的微波吸收特性。微波的穿透作用对锡粉具有良好的整体加热性能。温度高于150℃时,微波加热锡粉的主要机制是电导损耗。设计开发了20 k W微波熔炼锡合金装备,并将其应用于产业化。该装备的加热速率与常规方法相比能提高10倍以上,缩短了熔炼工艺。研究结果表明,微波加热加快了升温速率,缩短了熔炼时间,锡回收率为97.79%,渣量仅为1.65%,其他损失低于0.56%;单位能耗仅为0.17 k W·h·kg^(–1),远低于传统方法所需要的能量。因此微波冶炼提高了加热效率,降低了能耗。

Cadaverine. a natural polyamine with multiple bioactivities that is widely distributed in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, is becoming an important industrial chemical. Cadaverine exhibits broad prospects for various applications, especially as an important monomer for bio-based polyamides. Cadaverine-based polyamide PA 5X has broad application prospects owing to its environmentally friendly characteristics and exceptional performance in water absorption and dimensional stability. In this review, we summarize recent findings on the biosynthesis, metabolism, and physiological function of cadaverine in bacteria, with a focus on the regu- latory mechanism of cadaverine synthesis in Escherichia coil （E. coli）. We also describe recent developments in bacterial production of cadaverine by direct fermentation and whole-cell bioconversion, and recent approaches for the separation and purification of cadaverine. In addition, we present an overview of the ap- plication of cadaverine in the synthesis of completely bio-based polyamides. Finally. we provide an outlook and suggest future developments to advance the production of cadaverine from renewable resources.