儒道佛文化与中国古代通俗小说人物命运结局模式

On the Cultural Influence of Confucianism,Taoism and Buddhism on the Stereotypes of Characters' Fates in Chinese Ancient Popular Novels

中国古代通俗小说创作中,体现出多方面的模式化倾向,除背景设置、情节结构、场面描写等模式外,还有一种特别值得重视的模式,即小说人物命运结局模式。在古代通俗小说中,作品人物的命运结局,主要体现为以下三种:即成仙得道、加官进爵、报应祸身并带有突出的模式化倾向。中国古代通俗小说人物命运结局安排模式的出现,其成因并不仅在于小说自身发展方面,诸多创作模式的产生还与其时的政治经济形势、社会思潮、文学思潮以及传统文化的影响作用有密切关系。上述三种小说人物命运结局模式形成中,最为直接且有力的影响因素应该是儒家文化、道家文化和佛家文化。研究小说人物命运结局安排方面所体现出的模式,描述说明古代通俗小说与中国古代传统文化的深层关系,对于从新角度考察和认识中国古代通俗小说、了解古代通俗小说艺术发展的某些意蕴和深层根据,以及揭示通俗小说发展的内在规律,具有意义。

There are many stereotypes in Chinese ancient popular novels, such as background setting, plot structure or scene description, among which, the stereotype of characters＂ fate, which is mainly embodied in the three tendencies of immortalization,promotion and making fortune and retribution,is especially worthy of study. It is not only originated from the development of the novel itself,but also from the influence of political and economic situation, social ideology, literary trends and the traditional culture, which is the most direct and powerful and includes the Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism. This paper then attempts to explore a new angle to reveal the deep relationship between the ancient popular fiction and the ancient Chinese traditional culture, and to survey the developmental foundations and connotations of their inherent patterns, and thus it is meaningful.