对幸福生活的探讨:从诠释到方法——基于中国城市化的思考

Discussion on a Happy Life from Interpretation to Measures——A Case Study of Urbanization in China

幸福是人的生活目的,幸福同社会资源的分配有关。西方思想家对幸福问题的研究有一个从对幸福生活的诠释到实现方法的转向,这一转向是社会结构从传统的乡村转化为近现代城市在伦理学理论上的反映。幸福生活实现的方法严格地说是用来分配社会资源的公平的制度规则的建构方法的研究,城市社会是多元主体结构,必须要建构一个能够被多元主体共识为公平的资源分配的原则,才能被普遍地遵守,因而才能够使人们因得到自己应得的社会资源从而有条件追求更好生活而感到幸福。民众的幸福感由制度的公平效应决定了政府的合法性,政府的合法性又因为公平的制度而保证了民众的幸福,二者互为因果,这是幸福问题研究"方法转向"的价值所在。中国城市化的推进、城市社会的形成历史地提出了探讨幸福生活的方法问题。

Happiness, as people＇s life goal, is closely related to the distribution of social resources. Western thinkers＇ study on it has experienced a diversion from its interpretation to its implementation of a happy life, which is the ethical reflection of social structural transformation from the traditional countryside to the modern city. Strictly speaking, the method of realizing a happy life refers to the study on the construction method of the institutional rules for the fair distribution of social resources. An urban society is a diversified subject structure, and it is quite necessary to construct a principle of fair resources allocation which can be recognized by multiple subjects, and which can be widely followed so as to make people feel happy because they can get their due social resources to pursue a better life. People＇s sense of happiness determines the legitimacy of gov- ernment because of the fair effect of the system, and also the legitimacy of government is a guarantee for people＇s happiness because of the fair system. Both of them are reciprocal causation, which is the value of the diversion of the study on the issue of happiness. Historically, the advancement of urbanization in China and the formation of a urban society put forward some methods of exploring a happy life.