宋元之际诗论家对“穷而后工”的阐释与反思

Poetical Theorists' Interpretation of and Reflection on “Perfection after Political Adversity” During Song and Yuan Dynasties

"穷而后工"本是惯题,却在宋元之际这个特定的"时穷"阶段,引发了诗人的共鸣,更激起了不小的论争,诗论家们也争相对之进行阐释,从而促进该理论的发展。在众多阐释中,不仅有对该理论外延的拓展,也有对原因的探析,更有站在质疑的立场,从诗人"处穷"的根本原因及立论角度对该理论进行深刻反思的,且认为:持"穷而后工"观点者,多以诗人"所遇"定工拙,是因人"已然之穷达"而征验于诗所得出的结论,而"穷"在一定程度上与命、时相关。

＂Perfection after Political Adversity＂ was a common proposition, but it aroused poets＇ resonance and considerable controversy at the particularly impoverished stage during Song and Yuan Dynasties. Poetical theorists attempted to interpret it, having promoted its theoretical development. Among numerous interpreta- tions, some extended the theory, others analyzed its reasons, and still others were skeptical of it, reflecting on the roots of impoverishment and the theory itself. Reflective thinkers held that those, in favor of it, were more inclined to judge by poets＇experiences, and to conclude from their poverty, which was, to some extent, related to their fate and times in which they lived.