发达国家农村社会工作研究及启示意义

A Summary of Rural Social Work in Developed Countries

在美国等发达国家,虽说社会工作在百余年的发展中取得了显著的成就,然而农村社会工作却经历了曲折的发展历程,甚至一度中断于美国,后来又处于边缘化的发展状态。近年来,随着英国、加拿大、澳大利亚等国家农村社会问题的不断凸显,农村社会工作又重新进入研究者的视域,并且呈现出良好的发展势头。文章旨在梳理农村社会工作在发达国家的发展历史、研究领域、遭遇的现实问题以及研究视角的转向,期望对中国农村社会工作的发展有所启示,使之与城市社会工作能够均衡发展,相得益彰,共同应对中国社会急剧变迁过程中所浮现的重大社会问题。

Although the development of social work made remarkable achievements during the past 100 years in the United States and other developed countries, however, rural social work has experienced a tortuous development process, even interrupted in the United States, and later has been in the state of marginalization. In recent years, rural social problems continue to highlight in Britain, Canada, Australia and other countries, rural social work again entered the horizons of scholars and is showing a good momentum of development. This paper aims at summarizing the development history, research fiehts, practical problems and research perspective transformation of the rural social work in developed countries, in order to get some enlightenment to the development of rural social work in China, and try to make balanced development between rural social work and urban social work, also to make complement each other, to jointly cope with social problem which emerge during the rapid social changes in China.