新型抗血小板药物的研究进展

Research Progress of New Antiplatelet Drugs

我国人口逐步老龄化,动脉硬化性血栓相关疾病是致死和致残的关键原因,特别是心血管疾病,其中脑卒中的危害亦逐年增加。动脉粥样硬化性卒中的发病原因为细胞因素,故抗血小板治疗为关键,是缺血性卒中二级预防及治疗的基石。环加氧酶Ⅰ受体抑制剂阿司匹林及噻吩吡啶类P2Y12受体拮抗剂氯吡格雷是临床上常用的抗血小板药物,但各有缺陷,且阿司匹林抗血小板作用相对较弱;氯吡格雷为前体药物,起效慢,而且疗效受多种药物影响,导致不同患者对药物的反应存在差异性。因此降低出血风险及提高疗效是研发新型抗血小板药物的目标。

In China, the aging of the population is becoming more and more serious, and arterial thrombosis is the key cause of death and disability, especially the cardiovascular disease. In addition, the risk of stroke has been increasing year by year. Platelets play a major role in the formation of the large artery atherosclerosis, and antiplatelet drugs are the cornerstone of therapy in secondary prevention of ischemic stroke. Cyclooxygenase I inhibitor aspirin and thienopyridine P2YI2 receptor antagonist clopidogrel antiplatelet drugs are commonly used in clinical, but they have shortcomings, and the antiplatelet effect of aspirin is relatively weak;clopidogrel is a prodrug,which is slow to take effect, and the effect is affected by many drugs, resulting in differences in the response of different patients to the drug. Therefore reducing the risk of bleeding and improving the effect of antiplatelet drugs are the targets for the research and development of new antiplatelet drugs.