权利的公益构成

The Public Interests Value of Rights

权利与个人利益有着必然的价值关联,但个人利益没有穷尽权利的价值构成,个人利益与权利之间经常出现价值上的不对称。在填补个人利益与权利的价值缝隙上,主体资格、加总公益与共享公益是三个可能的价值选项。基于主体资格解释权利的价值与权利的实践形态相脱离,缺少现实关怀;着眼于加总公益只能解释部分不对称情形,缺少理论普适性;只有基于共享公益才能为权利的价值做出兼具现实性与普适性的解释。透过权利的共享公益价值可以看到,权利的社会功能不止自我防卫、对抗他人,同时还营造了一种特殊的社会合作形式,体现了社会成员之间的利益和谐。

There is a certain value connection between rights and individual interests, but the individualinterests is not the only value elements of rights, it seems clearly that the importance of personal right oftenbears little relation to the importance of his interests. The value gap between rights and individual interestsneeds to be bridged by three possible value options, namely, subject qualification, total public welfareand shared public welfare. The value which based on the subject qualification explains rights is divorcedfrom the practical form of rights and lacks practical care, while focusing on the total public welfare, one canonly explain partial asymmetry and lack theoretical universality. Only on the basis of shared public welfarecan one make a realistic and universal interpretation of the value of rights. Through the value of shared publicwelfare can one see the social function of right is not only self defense and against others, but also createsa special form of social cooperation, which embodies the harmony of interests among the members of thesociety.