中美动植物专利权保护制度比较研究

A comparative study on Sino-US patent protection system of animals and plants

动植物新品种对提升农业产出,促进农业增收及保障农产品扩大供给等方面具有重要作用。实施动植物品种的专利权保护是实现可持续农业、保障粮食安全及推进农业技术创新的重要手段。基于此,本文就中美两国动植物专利制度的立法、司法演进,比较了两国在立法上的差异;围绕立法差异探讨了两国在动物专利立法精神上的差异,即如何平衡育种者利益与社会大众利益;分析了两国在动植物专利权保护强度上的不同。最后,尽管中国将动植物品种排除在《专利法》之外,但为育种技术、方法提供保护,这对于一些复杂的育种技术能够起到很好的保护作用,但对于简单的无性繁殖育种方法无法提供保护。因此,美国的动植物专利权保护制度可以为中国完善动植物专利权保护制度提供参考。

New varieties of flora and fauna play important roles in enhancing agricultural output,promoting agricultural income and ensuring the supply of agricultural products.The implementation of patent protection of animal and plant varieties is important mean to realize sustainable agriculture,to ensure food security and to promote agricultural technological innovation.This paper analyzes the Sino-US animal and plant patent system legislation,judicial evolution process,and compares the two countries in legislative differences.Around this legislative differences,this paper explores the two countries on animal and plant patent legislation spirit differences and analyzes the differences between the two countries on the protection of animal and plant patents.