中国人类学民族学的现代化转型:直面工业化、市场化和城市化--国际人类学与民族学联合会副主席张继焦教授访谈

On the Modern Transformation of Chinese Anthropology and Ethnology:Facing to Industrialization,Marketization and Urbanization

当前,中国正处于现代化转型或经济社会结构转型的过程中,其具体表现为:工业化、市场化和城市化等三大方面。从19世纪末欧洲开始认识一个全新的社会到20世纪初美国开始解释新出现的城市社会,欧美的工业化、城市化、市场化所引发的经济社会结构转型催生和推动了古典社会科学的产生和发展。中国改革开放以来的巨大变迁与欧美的经历有类似和可以借鉴的地方,我们应该探讨中国的工业化、市场化和城市化等所引发的现代化转型或经济社会结构转型,以此推进人类学民族学的学科现代化建设。中国人类学民族学者应该有可能提出一套不同于欧美的新古典理论,对此,中国学者应该拥有充足的中国道路自信和本学科的理论自信。

Nowadays,China is in the process of modern transformation or economic and social structure transformation,mainly showing in three specific aspects:industrialization,marketization and urbanization.From the time when Europe began to realize a brand new society in the end of the19 th century,and the USA began to explain the emerging urban society at the beginning of the 20 th century,the transformation of economic and social structure,triggered by industrialization,urbanization and marketization in both Europe and the USA forced and promoted the emergence and development of classical social science.Since China has carried out Reform and Opening up policy,the huge changes of China are similar to the experience of Europe and the USA,from which more lessons can be learned.We should explore the modern transformation or transformation of economic and social structure,caused by China's industrialization,marketization and urbanization and so on,so that we can promote the modernization of discipline of anthropology and ethnology.Chinese anthropologists and ethnologists are likely to create a new classical theory,which is different from Europe and the US's new classic theory.As a result,Chinese scholars should have full methodical confidence and theoretical confidence with Chinese characteristics.