英汉语用否定对比及其在口译中的翻译策略

Comparative Study of Pragmatic Negation in E&C and Its Implications for Interpretation

语用否定在英汉语言中既有共性又有差异,但由于缺少明显的语言形式标志和语用含义显性表示,其差异造成的语用失误在口译中屡见不鲜。对比英汉语用否定及其语境,英汉语用否定均可表达委婉拒绝、嘲讽、强烈反诘和质疑,但在回应请求、礼尚往来、接受任务和受到称赞时,中文更倾向于用否定表示肯定或用肯定表示否定。因此,在口译中要注意英汉词或短语在寒暄、表态、应答等语境中的语用否定差异,立足于语用等效,改变言内行为和言外行为,进行适当意译。

In terms of pragmatic negation in English and Chinese,there are both commonalities and differences.However,for lack of distinct linguistic forms and pragmatic signs,pragmatic failures caused by the differences are common occurrences in interpretation.In light of Conversational Cooperative Principle,this paper compares pragmatic negation and its contexts between EC.It is found that it can both express euphemistic refusal,sneer,counterquestion and query,while in some contexts,such as responding to requests,giving and receiving gifts,taking on a task and being praised,Chinese is inclined to use positive sentences to express negative meaning or on the contrary.Therefore,interpreters should pay attention to the different pragmatic negations of EC words and phases in greetings,responding and other contexts,change locutionary and illocutionary acts based on pragmatic equivalence and interpret according to meanings.