阳明学者的良知与知觉之辩——以聂豹与欧阳德、王畿的争论为中心

Debate on Conscience and Perception of Yangming Scholars:Centered on the Debate Between Nie Bao and Ouyang De,Wang Ji

在阳明学者中,关于良知与知觉之辩分化出两种不同的致思路向。一种以聂豹为代表,主张良知是未发之中,知觉是已发之和,由知觉转向良知本体。一种以欧阳德、王畿为代表,主张良知既是未发之中,亦是已发之和,从知觉处见良知。双方互相指责,聂豹认为欧阳德、王畿从知觉处见良知,易出现义袭逐物之弊;欧阳德、王畿认为聂豹由知觉转向良知,易出现向内禅定之弊。双方固守不同的支援背景,都认为遵循阳明致良知学的理路,实则聂豹遵循朱子学体用二分思维方式,走立体达用路径;欧阳德、王畿遵循阳明学体用一源思维方式,走即用达体路径。

Among Yangming scholars, the debate on the conscience and perception differentiates two different ways of thinking. Nie Bao, as the representative of one school, advocated that the conscience is neutralization, while the perception is harmony, and perception turns to conscience. Wang Ji and Ouyang De, as the representa-tives of another school, advocated that the conscience is not only neutralization, but also harmony, and conscience is found in the perception. Both schools criticized each other. Nie Bao thought that i t was easy to lead to the draw-back of chasing foreign objects since Wang Ji and Ouyang De looked for the conscience from the perception. While Ouyang De and Wang Ji thought that i t was easy to cause the drawback of inward meditation since Nie Bao looked for the conscience from the perception. The two sides stuck to the different supporting backgrounds, and both followed Yangming＇s learning principles. In fact, Nie Bao followed Zhuzi＇s thought of separating ontology and function, and took the path from ontology to function, while Ouyang De and Wang Ji followed Yangming＇s thought that ontology and function are of one o r ig in, and took the path from function to ontology.