施氮量和栽插密度对机插武运粳30产量形成的影响

Effects of Nitrogen Rates and Transplanting Densities on Yield Formation of Machine-transplanting Wuyunjing 30

[目的]研究氮肥用量和栽插密度对机插武运粳30产量的影响。[方法]以武运粳30为材料,通过设置4个施氮量水平(纯N225、270、315、360 kg/hm^2)及3个栽插密度水平(株行距12 cm×30 cm、14 cm×30 cm、16 cm×30 cm)试验,研究施氮量和栽插密度对武运粳30产量及其构成因素、干物质积累、成穗率等的影响。[结果]随着施氮量的增加,单位面积穗数增加,但每穗粒数和结实率逐渐降低,施氮量在270 kg/hm^2条件下,产量最高,显著高于施氮量225和360 kg/hm^2处理。增加施氮量能显著增加武运粳30抽穗期和成熟期干物质积累量,但氮肥过多无效分蘖增多,成穗率下降。栽插密度对产量及构成因素的影响表现为随着栽插密度变小,有效穗数降低,而穗粒数和千粒重增高,在株行距为14 cm×30 cm条件和12 cm×30 cm条件下产量差异不明显,但高于16 cm×30 cm条件。[结论]在施氮量275 kg/hm^2和株行距14 cm×30 cm的组合下产量和干物质积累量最大,可充分发挥武运粳30的产量潜力。

[Objectivve]To investigate the effects of nitrogen rates and transplanting densities on yield formation of machine-transplanting Wuyunjing 30.[Method]A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of nitrogen rates and transplanting densities on yield,yield component factors,dry matter accumulation and spike rate,and so on with four nitrogen rates （N of 225,270,315,360 kg/hm2） and three transplanting densities （planting spacing of 12 cmx30 cm,14 cmx30 cm,16 cmx30 cm） by using Wuyunjing 30 as material.[Result]With the increase of nitrogen application rate,the number of panicles per unit area increased,but the grain number per spike and seed setting rate decreased gradually.Yield was the highest when the nitrogen application rate was 270 kg/hm2,which was significantly higher than that of 225 kg/hm2 and 360 kg/hm2 treatments.Nitrogen application significantly increased dry matter accumulation at heading and maturity period,but too much nitrogen made ineffective tiller increased,spike rate decreased.As the transplanting density became smaller,the effective panicle decreased,while grain number and grain weight increased.There were no significant differences between planting spacing of 12 cmx30 cm and 14 cmx30 cm on yield,but both were significantly higher than that of 16 cmx30 cm.[Conclusion]The N of 275 kg/hm2,planting spacing of 14 cmx30 cm could give full play to the yield potential of Wuyunjing 30.