小麦冬季低温冷害的预防与补救措施初探

Preliminary Study on Preventive and Remedial Measures of Chilling Injury of Wheat in Winter

为降低冬季低温冷害对小麦的不利影响,于2015—2016年,采用田间试验,调查了对照(低温灾害频发地区农户的栽培措施)、预防、补救3个处理小麦的产量及其构成因素、土壤紧实度和呼吸速率、小麦叶片光合速率。结果显示,预防和补救处理均较对照显著提高了小麦穗数和籽粒产量,穗数增幅分别为129.27%和96.98%,产量增幅分别为266.56%和130.58%。预防处理小麦穗数和籽粒产量分别较补救处理显著提高16.39%和58.97%。拔节期和收获期0~20 cm土层土壤紧实度以及后期小麦旗叶光合速率均表现为预防处理>补救处理>对照。土壤呼吸速率表现为预防处理>对照>补救处理,预防处理较对照显著增加11.71%。说明预防处理、补救处理均有一定减灾效果,且预防处理效果优于补救处理。

To reduce the adverse effects of chil ling injury on wheat in winter, the wheat yield and composition, soil compaction and respiratory rate, photosynthetic rate of wheat leaves were investigated under different treatemnts （ local cultivation measure as control, prevention treatment,remediation treatment） by field experiment from 2015 to 2016. The results showed that grain yield and spike number of prevention and remediation treatments were significantly improved compared with control, the increase rate of yield were 266. 56% and 130. 58% respectively, and the increase rate of spike number were 129. 27% and 96. 98% respectively. Prevention treatment significantly improved spike number and grain yield by 16. 39% and 58. 97% compared with remediation treatment. The orders of soil compaction in 0-20 cm soil layer at jointing stage and harvesting stage and photosynthetic rate of wheat flag leaves were prevention treatment 〉 remediation treatment 〉 control. The order of soil respiration rate was prevention treatment 〉 control 〉 remediation treatment, the soil respiration rate of prevention treatment significantly increased by 11. 71 % compared with control. The results showed that the prevention and remediation treatments had certain effect of disaster reduction, and the effect of the prevention treatment was superior to the remediation treatment.