基于SSR标记的仁用杏主栽品种鉴别和指纹图谱构建

Identification and fingerprinting construction of accessions of kernel-using apricot by SSR markers

【目的】基于SSR分子标记评价仁用杏遗传多样性,并利用SSR标记鉴别仁用杏品种,构建仁用杏SSR指纹图谱,为仁用杏资源的合理利用与开发提供依据。【方法】利用9对多态性高、重复性好且条带清晰的SSR标记,对我国16个仁用杏主栽品种进行荧光毛细管电泳检测,评价其遗传多样性,并鉴别仁用杏品种和构建指纹图谱。【结果】利用9对SSR引物在16个供试仁用杏品种中共检测到68个等位基因(Na),平均每位点7.56个;位点MA039a检测到的等位基因最多(10个),位点UDP97-401检测到的等位基因最少(6个);多态信息含量(PIC)值为0.64~0.81,均值为0.76。基于单独一对引物MA039a,就能鉴别11个仁用杏品种;将引物MA039a分别与pchgms12、MA020a、BPPCT002、UDP97-401、UDP98-406等5个引物组合,即能将16个供试仁用杏主栽品种鉴别开来,据此构建了16个仁用杏品种在所用9对SSR位点上的DNA指纹图谱;16个仁用杏主栽品种间的遗传相似性系数为0.53~0.99,由此得知仁用杏资源遗传背景狭窄、变异幅度较小;利用UPGMA法进行聚类分析,在相似性系数为0.70处,可将16个仁用杏品种分成4组,聚类分析结果与品种来源基本一致,即同一系列品种优先聚在一起。【结论】我国仁用杏资源遗传背景狭窄,不同系列品种间基因交流少,遗传相似度相对较高,该结果可为仁用杏杂交育种过程中杂交亲本组合的选配、仁用杏起源和演化研究以及仁用杏核心种质资源的建立提供技术和理论支持。

[Objective] The aim of the present study was to elucidate the genetic diversity of kernel-u- sing apricot,identify the varieties and construct fingerprint based on simple sequence repeat （SSR） mark- ers. This study would provide support for reasonable protection and development of kernel-using Apricot. [Method] Nine pairs of SSR markers with high polymorphism and degree of reproducibility were used to detect and evaluate genetic diversity of sixteen dominant kernel-using apricot varieties in China. The varie- ties were also identified and fingerprint was constructed by fluorescent capillary electrophoresis. [Result] A total of 68 alleles （Na） were identified based on nine pairs of SSR,with mean alleles per locus of 7.56. Na ranged from 10 for MA039a locus to 6 for UDP97-401 locus. Polymorphic information contents （PIC） ranged from 0.64 to 0.81 with an average of 0.76. Eleven cultivars could be identified by only one primer pairs （MA039a）. All 16 varieties of kernel-using apricot could be identified by combining primer MA039a with pchgmsl2, MA020a, BPPCT002, UDP98-401 and UDP97-406, respectively. The specific DNA finger- prints of 16 varieties of kernel-using apricot was established based on the polymorphic bands amplified by nine pairs of primers. Genetic similarity coefficients of 16 varieties ranged from 0.53 to 0.99, which sug- gests that there were narrow genetic variations of kernel-using apricot. A dendrogram was constructed based on SSR data using UPGMA method. The 16 accessions were divided into four groups at the genetic similarity coefficient of 0.70. The clustering results were same to the origins, and the same series varieties can priority gather together. [Conclusion] The kernel-using apricot possessed narrow genetic variation and less gene flow,and high genetic similarity. This study would provide for crossing parents selection, origin and evolution research,and establish of core germplasm resources of kernel-using apricot.