预转移龛形成——肿瘤转移研究新方向

Pre-metastatic niche: A new research direction of tumor metastasis

肿瘤侵袭转移研究目前多聚焦肿瘤微环境对肿瘤细胞恶性生物学行为的调控解析,而针对肿瘤细胞定植转移靶器官前,由原发瘤诱导靶器官"土壤"微环境改变形成"预转移龛"的关注和认知却明显不足.随着原发瘤来源肿瘤可溶性因子、膜泡、外泌体,及募集骨髓衍生细胞在不同肿瘤动物模型转移靶器官中相继鉴定发现,预转移龛加速促成转移在靶器官实现获得越来越多实验上的验证与支撑.本文对肿瘤预转移龛形成的始动因素、细胞组分、形成调控、促转移发生机制进行总结综述,并讨论预转移龛潜在的临床意义及其面临的挑战.

Present studies on cancer metastasis mainly focus on the effects of tumor microenvironment on the malignant properties of tumor cells. However, the formation of primary tumori n d u c e d ＂ pre-metastatic niche ＂ and its significance in the process of tumor metastasis remain largely unknown. The identification of primary tumor-derived soluble factors, vesicles, exosomes and recruited bone marrowderived cells in different tumor animal models have led to the acquisition of a large amount of experimental evidence to support the critical role of pre-metastatic niche in facilitating metastasis formation in the metastatic target organ. This paper reviews the initiation factors, cell components, formation and regulation of pre-metastatic niches, as well as its effects on metastasis, and discusses its potential clinical implication and the challenges faced.