立恒与适变:《周易》恒卦意蕴诠解

Constancy and Adaptability:An Interpretation of Hexagram Heng[■,Perseverance,32]

《恒》卦是《周易》中具有重要思想意义的一卦。文章详细考辨了出土简帛本与今传本《周易》中《恒》卦的异文,认为诸本之间的一些不同更可能是文本差异使然,当各存其是。在此基础上,秉持文辞、象数与义理相结合的路数,提出《恒》卦的主题是人事活动中基于变通的恒久之道问题,其下卦三爻着意于如何立恒守常,而上卦三爻则意在揭示如何因时适变,尚中道而重权变,堪称中国古代经权观的滥觞。与卦爻辞着眼于恒久之"事理"不同,《彖传》从"天地之道"的高度,阐发了恒久之"道理",以"恒"表"道"是先秦宇宙论或道论的重要内容,"随时变易"乃是易学视域中恒道的本质性特征。

Heng [ , Perseverance, 32] is a hexagram of great ideological significance in the Zhou yi. This paper investigates and differentiates the variant characters of the hexagram in the unearthed bamboo-slip and silk versions as well as the re- ceived version of the Zhou Change, pointing out that the differences between them might resuh from different copies, and each copy can justify itself. On this basis and taking hexagram and line statements, images, as well asmeanings-and-principles into consideration, this paper argues that the theme of hexagram Heng is to reveal the eternal Dao （Way） based on adaptability in human affairs; the inner three lines tell us how to maintain perseverance and abide by constancy while the outer three lines intend to expose how to adapt to different circumstances in different times. The idea of emphasis on both constancy and expedience conceived in the hexagram can be regarded as the origin of the ancient Chinese outlook on the relationship between constancy and expedience. Different from the hexagram and line statements which stress perseverance in ＂principles of specific events＂, the ＂Commentary on the Judgment＂ （Tuan 彖） of the hexagram explicated perseverance in the ＂principle of Dao （Way）＂ at the level of ＂Dao of Heaven and Earth＂. Using Heng （Constancy, eternality） to express Dao was an im- portant content Of pre-Qin （before 221 BCE） cosmology, whereas ＂changing along with time＂ was an essential characteristic of the Dao of Heng （constancy） according to the vision of the Yi jing.