乡-城移民社会融入的分化、评估及政策路径——基于4个城市抽样调查数据分析

Differentiation, Evaluation and Inclusion strategy for Social Inclusion of Rural-urban Migrants——Based on data from a sample survey in four cities of China

近年来,伴随收入差距的扩大,乡-城移民群体的社会分化正在加剧。数据分析发现,当前移民群体已分化为"企业发展型""自雇发展型""雇工生存型""社区流动型"四大层级类型。政策设计只有采取差别化融入路径,才能回应各层级群体的融入需求。应优化用工政策,积极推动"企业发展型"精英移民群体率先融入,大力改善"雇工生存型"工人阶级群体的待遇及福祉。同时,采取社区融入策略,带动"自雇发展型""社区流动型"移民融入城市居住社区。特别是要依据社会关照原则,通过"返乡安置"策略推动"社区流动型"贫弱移民群体返回家乡。以赋权和增利为核心的"赋权式融入",是畅通"层级流动"与"城乡流动",带动四大层级移民群体融入城市的根本途径。

In recent years, ecological disasters such as earthquakes and tsunamis have frequently hit China, Japan and Indonesia, inflicting severe material, social, economic and moral damage on those countries. The disasters have also brought about symbolic social fracture and terrible social frag- mentation. The new ecological disasters have caused turmoil and new equality crisis, but they have also spurred the three countries on to construct new domestic unity and social space. It can be said that, al- though ecological disasters have caused unexpected damage to the material and social foundation of the three countries, they have also encouraged them to find new ways to restore social order and reconstruct new code of conduct. In the course of reconstruction, the new space of cooperative coexistence is con- tinuously extended while in-system actors, out-system citizens and the intermediate groups have to- gether created the public arenas. On the one hand, post-disaster government policies have not only led to new equality crisis and moral standards but also maintained the implementation of collective action and social action. On the other hand, individuals have involved themselves in unexpected resocializa- tion, de-socialization and reconstruction of the social foundation.