中国技术进步的源泉与演化——基于要素分解视角

The resource of technical progress:On the aspect of factors' efficiency decomposition

本文基于规模报酬不变的生产函数,推导出技术进步核算方程——技术进步为投入要素边际产出增长的加权平均,并对中国省级数据进行实证分析,得到如下几点结论:(1)中国技术进步保持高速增长,劳动力技术进步为主要推动力,但"人口效率红利效应"正在逐步消失,资本技术进步缓慢。(2)1999年前,劳动力技术进步差距为东中部、东西部技术进步差距的主要原因,1999年后资本技术进步差距为主要原因。改革解放了劳动力,提高了劳动力效率,但在提高资本效率方面效果不佳。随着"人口效率红利效应"的逐步消失,如何长久而有效地促进资本技术进步,应是中国今后改革的着力点。

Based on a production function of constant returns to scale,the technical progress of accounting equation is deduced. Then the empirical analysis is studied on the province data in China,which show：（1） The technical progress grow rapidly,and the labor technical progress is the major driving force,but the demographic dividend of efficiency disappear gradually,and the capital technical progress grow slowly.（2） Before 1999,the labor technical progress gap between the east and middle is the major factor of their technological progress gap,but after 1999,the capital technical progress gap is the major factor,and it is also for the gap between the east and west. The reform release labor,raises its productivity significantly,but has little effect on capital productivity. Considering that the demographic dividend of efficiency disappears gradually,so how to raise the capital productivity should be the focal point of the future reform in China.