意志自由视阈下20世纪20年代唯物派与科学派的歧见分析

The Differences in “Free Will” Between the Materialists and the Scientists in the 1920s

20世纪20年代的科玄论战中,在共同批判玄学派之外,唯物派和科学派彼此间也存在着诸多分歧,并围绕着分歧进行了激烈的争论。以"意志自由"为例,双方就"意志自由"以何种形式存在、"意志自由"中的"必然"以何种方式呈现、"意志自由"能被何种科学所认知把握、"意志自由"能被何种人生观给予体现和反映等产生了系列歧见。这些歧见背后折射了双方对解决当时中国所面临的问题需要以何种自由的理论为指导,以及将中国引入何种状态的自由之中的焦思。

In the science-metaphysics debate in the 1920s, there were many differences between the materialists and the scientists even though they held common criticism of the metaphysical school. In the case of ＂free will＂, the two sides produce a series of different opinions on what is the existing form of the ＂free will＂, how ＂inevitability＂ of ＂free will＂ is presented, what kind of science can understand ＂free will＂, and what kind of the outlook on life can embody and reflect ＂free will＂. These differences reflect the two sides＇ consideration of what freedom theory was needed to solve China＇s problems then and what kind of freedom state was right for China.