从《夷坚志》看宋代农村的无业游民

Studies of Vagrants in the Countryside of the Song Dynasty Based on Yi Jian Zhi

无业游民及其危害在中国古代一直十分突出,并且随着社会和环境的不断发展变化而愈演愈烈,最终演变成危害广大民众人身财产安全、破坏社会安定和谐的毒瘤。降及宋代,这一特殊社会群体恶性膨胀,城市不仅依然是其游荡混迹的乐园,人多地少矛盾凸显与封建赋役盘剥加重等因素的叠加,农村中也滋生了大量无业游民。从洪迈《夷坚志》的记载看,宋代农村无业游民,浪游不羁,无赖成性,纵饮聚博,好勇斗狠,恃强逞能,从事诸如盗掘古墓、偷抢财物、淫辱妇女、行凶杀人等各种违法犯禁勾当,劣迹斑斑。严重威胁普通民众人身财产安全及社会安定和谐。

Vagrants and their harm were very serious in ancient China. With the social and environmental development, they were becoming more and more severe and finally developed into a malignant tumor which damaged people＇s personal and property security and the social stability and harmony. Up to the Song Dynasty, this special social group expanded undesirably. Cities were still their paradise in which they wandered and stayed. There were some other factors, for instance, the contradiction between the more people and the less land were prominent, and the feudal taxes and corvee shaq^ened, etc. Therefore, a lot of vagrants appeared in the countryside. Based on Yi Jian Zhi by Hong Mai, vagrants in the countryside of the Song Dynasty loafed about, uninhibited, rogued naturally, drank, gambled, bullied, etc. They were also combative. They engaged in different illegal businesses, such as ex-cavating the ancient tombs, stealing and robbing properties, insulting women, committing murder, etc. Their notorious actions se-verely threatened common people ＊ s personal and property security and the social stability and harmony.