孕妇膳食指导和营养管理对母婴的影响研究

Study on the effect of maternal dietary guidance and nutrition management on maternal and infantile outcomes

目的探讨孕妇膳食指导和营养管理对母婴的影响。方法随机选取早孕建卡并进行常规产检的女性180例,分为管理组和对照组,每组90例。对照组孕妇于孕妇学校接受常规健康宣教及孕期管理,管理组孕妇除接受常规宣教外,还自愿到营养门诊进行体成分分析,接受个性化营养管理及膳食指导。比较两组孕妇孕期体重增加值及新生儿体重、妊娠并发症发生率和妊娠结局。结果管理组孕妇孕期总体重增加值和BMI增加值及新生儿出生体重均低于对照组(P<0.05)。管理组并发症发生率(7.78%)显著低于对照组(28.89%),管理组巨大儿出生率(2.22%)和剖宫产率(31.11%)均显著低于对照组(10.00%、45.56%)(均P<0.05)。结论指导孕期合理膳食,进行营养管理,控制体重,可降低巨大儿出生率、妊娠并发症发生率及剖宫产率。

Objective To explore the effect of maternal dietary guidance and nutrition management on maternal and infantile outcomes.Methods A total of 180 pregnant women building cards during early pregnancy and receiving routine prenatal examination in the hospital were randomly selected and divided into management group and control group,90 pregnant women in each group.The pregnant women in control group received routine health education and gestation management in pregnancy school,and the pregnant women in management group received body composition analysis in Outpatient of Nutrition voluntarily,individualized dietary guidance and nutrition management based on routine health education and gestation management in pregnancy school.The body weight gains during pregnancy,neonatal weights,the incidence rates of pregnancy complications,and pregnancy outcomes in the two groups were compared.Results The total body weight gain during pregnancy,body mass index（BMI） increase,and neonatal birth weight in management group were statistically significantly lower than those in control group（P〈 0.05）.The incidence rate of complications in management group was 7.78%,which was statistically significantly lower than that in control group（28.89%）（P〈 0.05）.The birth rate of macrosomia and cesarean section rate in management group were 2.22% and 31.11%,respectively,which were statistically significantly lower than those in control group（10.00%,45.56%）（all P 0.05）.Conclusion Directing reasonable diet during pregnancy,conducting nutrition management,and controlling weight can reduce the birth rate of macrosomia,incidence rate of pregnancy complications,and cesarean section rate.