浪漫主义哲学的自然观与美国的荒野保护

Romanticism's Perception of Nature and Wilderness Conservation in the America

美国在荒野保护和国家公园体制建设上所取得的卓越成就中,一个重要因素来源于众多个体的推动。而激发个体进行荒野保护的巨大精神动力来源于启蒙批评时期卢梭的浪漫主义和受浪漫主义影响而创立的美国超验主义思想,以爱默生为代表,梭罗和缪尔将超验主义推向实践。卢梭和爱默生都把自然看成是体现了一种精神的存在,而且对荒野都有特别的审美偏好。他们二人都把对荒野的认知、审美和至善联系起来。卢梭和爱默生的自然观直接影响了美国的荒野保护。

America has made great achievements in the wilderness conservation. One of the important reason is that many individuals contribute to the conservation projects. Individuals are motivated by Rousseau＇s romanticism and American transcendentalism which is established by Emerson. John Muir practiced transcendentalism in his life. According to Rousseau and Emerson, nature is a spiritual existence and they have special aesthetic appreciation towards wilderness. They both connect wilderness cognition and aesthetic appreciation with ultimate goodness. Rousseau and Emerson＇s perspective of nature greatly influenced American wilderness conservation.