重建抑或参与——马克思与罗尔斯的社会合作理论比较

Reconstruction or Cooperation: A comparative study on Social Entirety between Marx and Rawls

社会是以所有人的共同合作为初衷的交往关系的实现。马克思希望以取消生产资料私有制为前提克服个体选择的现实性制约,达成理论与实践统一,实现每个人平等参与到社会合作之中,而罗尔斯则希望以"公平"为前提消除人们因社会地位差异而产生的消极合作态度,推广个体在整个社会范围内自由选择的可能性来实现平等参与基础上的社会合作。因此,考察两者就社会合作问题产生"重建"与"共建"的理论差异就不能回避其分析整合社会的方式差异,特别是两者关于"人"的设定差异来剖析其理论预设与结论。

Society is the realization of communication based on cooperation of people. Marx thinks that the abrogate of private ownership of the mean of production is the way to overcome the limitation of individual choice. However, Rawls insists that the elimination of social position difference depends on the principle of justice, with which people would change their attitude about social cooperation. Thus, considering the theoretical differences of reconstruction or cooperation, it is inevitable to get analyzation about social entirety, especially the setting of concept of human.