日粮中胡麻饼代替豆粕对绵羊生产性能、肉品质、脂肪酸含量及血液生化指标的影响

Effect of Replacement of Soybean Meal by Oil Cake of Flax Seed in Diet on Growth Performance,Meat Quality,Fatty Acid Content and Blood Biochemical Indicators of Sheep

旨在研究日粮中胡麻饼替换豆粕后对绵羊生产性能、肉品质、脂肪酸含量及血液生化指标的影响。选取5月龄,体重(26±1)kg的杜泊×小尾寒羊杂交公羊24只,按照胡麻饼代替豆粕的比例(0,1/3,2/3,1)随机分为4组:对照组(CK组)、试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组。每组6只羊,试验期60d。结果表明:1)各试验组与CK组的日增重差异不显著(P>0.05);试验Ⅱ组的料重比显著低于CK组(P<0.05);2)试验组和对照组之间的胴体重和净肉重无显著差异(P>0.05);试验Ⅲ组的屠宰率、净肉率和眼肌面积均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);3)日粮中胡麻饼代替豆粕可以显著降低肌肉内脂肪含量(P<0.05),但对羊肉的pH、系水力和熟肉率无显著影响(P>0.05);4)日粮中胡麻饼代替豆粕可以显著增加背最长肌中C20:5N3含量(P<0.05),但对饱和脂肪酸、单不饱和脂肪酸和多不饱和脂肪酸含量基本上无显著影响(P>0.05);5)试验组和对照组血清中的总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白含量和超氧化物歧化酶活性无显著差异(P>0.05),试验Ⅰ组、Ⅲ组的甘油三酯含量显著低于CK组(P<0.05);试验Ⅱ组中高密度脂蛋白含量显著高于其他3组(P<0.05),试验Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组尿素氮含量显著低于CK组和试验Ⅰ组(P<0.05);试验Ⅲ组的丙二醛含量显著低于其他3组(P<0.05);试验Ⅲ组过氧化氢酶活性显著高于其他3组(P<0.05)。日粮中胡麻饼代替豆粕可以降低料重比,提高屠宰率、净肉率等生产性能,降低血脂,提高绵羊抗氧化功能。因此,胡麻饼可以作为肉羊的蛋白质饲料而广泛应用,当胡麻饼代替2/3以上的豆粕时,饲养效果较好。

The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effects of soybean cake substituted by oil cake of flax seed in diet on the growth performance,meat quality,fatty acid content and blood biochemical indicators of lambs.A total of 24 F1 Dorper×Small Tail Han sheep（5 month old,（26±1）kg）were randomly selected and equally assigned into 4 groups according to the proportion of flax cake substituting soybean meal（0,1/3,2/3 and 1）：control group（CK group）,treatmentⅠ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ.The experiment lasted for 60 days.The result showed that：1）There was no significant difference in average daily gain between treatment groups and CK group（P〈0.05）.Compared with the CK group,the feed to gain ratio of groupⅡ was significantly declined（P〈0.05）.2）There was no significant difference in carcass weight and net meat weight between treatment and CK groups（P〉0.05）.The dressing percentage,net meat percentage and longissimus dorsi（LD）muscle area of group Ⅲ were significantly higher than those in control group（P〉0.05）.3）The flax cake substituting soybean meal in diet effectively declined intramuscular fat content（P〈0.05）,whereas the pH,water holding capacity and cooked meat percentage were not significantly altered（P〉0.05）.4）The flax cake substituting soybean meal in diet significantly increased the content of C20：5N3 in LD muscle（P〈0.05）,and had no significant effect on saturated fatty acids,monounsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids（P〉0.05）.5）Contents of TC,LDL and activity of SOD were not significantly different between treatment and CK groups（P〉0.05）.The contents of TG in group Ⅰ and Ⅲ were significantly lower than those in CK group（P〈0.05）.The content of HDL in group Ⅱ was significantly higher than that in other groups（P〈0.05）.The contents of UREA in group Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significantly lower than those in group CK and group Ⅰ（P〈0.05）.The MDA content of group Ⅲ was significantly lower than that of other groups（P〈0.05）.The activity of CAT in group Ⅲ was significantly higher than that in other groups（P〈0.05）.Dietary substitution of soybean meal by flax cake can reduce feed to gain ratio and improve the growth performance,reduce blood lipids and improve sheep antioxidant capacity.Therefore,oil cake of flax seed can be used as a protein source of sheep feed,the optimal substitution rate should be more than 2/3.