模糊评判法和综合指数法在岩溶地下水质量评价中的应用——以清镇市工业西区为例

Application of Fuzzy Evaluation Method and Comprehensive Index Evaluation Method in Groundwater Quality Assessment of Karst Region——A case study of Qingzhen industrial area

模糊评判法和综合指数法广泛应用于地下水质量评价中,它们直观反映了水体特征的变化规律,是对水环境要素进行科学定量描述的数学方法。文章采集了区内9个监测点水样,通过建立综合指数评价模型和模糊数学评价模型,对清镇市工业西区地下水实施质量评价,结果显示清镇市工业西区地下水水质现状较好,但是个别区域地下水水质很差,达到了Ⅴ类水质,主要受Mn O-4、NH4、NO-2等指标超标影响。文章对两种评价方法得出的结果进行了对比分析,发现出现差异的主要原因在于综合指数法以最差水质指标所属类别作为综合水质类别;强化污染物的污染指数和最严重污染物的污染指数情况,加大了最严重污染物的权重评价,因此结果表现为过度保护。模糊评判法以模糊数学为基础,它能够将一些边界模糊不清、不易定量的因素定量化,同时兼顾各个评价因子对水质的综合影响,可以公正、客观的反映出每个污染因子对评价结果的影响。

Fuzzy evaluation method and comprehensive index evaluation method are widely applied in groundwater quality evaluation,they reflect the change rule of water features intuitively,and they are the mathematical methods to describe the water environment elements scientifically and quantitatively. In this paper,9 water samples were collected in the area,and the quality evaluation of groundwater in the industrial area of Qingzhen was carried out by establishing the comprehensive index evaluation model and fuzzy mathematics evaluation model. The results showed that the present situation of underground water quality in the industrial area of Qingzhen was generally well,but the groundwater quality of individual areas was very poor,and it reached Ⅴwater quality,which was mainly affected by excessive indexes such as MnO_4^-,NH_4 and NO_2^-. In this paper,we analyzed the results of the two evaluations and found that the main reason for the difference is the comprehensive index evaluation method using the category of the worst water quality indicators as a comprehensive water quality category, and comprehensive index evaluation method enhances the pollution index of pollutant and the pollution index of the most serious pollutant,the evaluation of the weight of the most serious pollutants has also been increased,so the results showed excessive protection. Fuzzy evaluation method based on fuzzy mathematics,it can quantify some factors of border blurred and quantify not easy quantitative factors,and also take into account the various factors on the comprehensive impact of water quality,fairly and objectively reflecting the impact of each pollution factor on the evaluation results.