道统论视域下的宋代抑荀思潮

On the Disparagement of Xun Zi in the Song Dynasties from the Perspective of Confucian Orthodoxy

荀子在汉唐时代曾经与孟子并称为"荀孟",但其道统地位在两宋时期受到学者们的怀疑和否定,"抑荀"成为宋代荀学史上的主流思潮。在荀子思想是否与孔子相合的"醇疵之辨"问题上,宋初儒者尚认同韩愈"荀子大醇而小疵"之说,随后兴起的理学家们则认定其"小醇而大疵"。醇疵之辨还是儒学内部的讨论,随着道统体系的完善,学者们对荀子的学派归属也开始产生质疑,荀子人性论被宋儒批评为源自告子杞柳之说,其政治哲学更被朱熹认为是申韩之学。荀子不能进入儒家的道统谱系,还因为他在道德层面不能达到儒家圣贤所应具备的精神境界,在宋儒特别是理学家看来,荀子并不完全具备儒家所努力倡导的圣贤人格。

Xun Zi had the same reputation as Mencius in the Han and the Tang periods, but his status in Confucian orthodoxy had been generally doubted and negated by scholars in the Northern and Southern Song Dynasties when disparagement was the main trend of the evaluation of Xun Zi. As for the purity of Xun Zi ＇ s thought （i. E. whether Xun Zi ＇ s thought fit with Confucius ＇ ） , the early Song scholars agreed with Han Yu who insisted that Xun Zi was mainly pure; while the Neo - Confucians affirmed the oppo-site. Basically the discussion of u pureness or impureness＇ was a debate inside the Confucianism. Howev-er ,when the orthodoxy theory developed scholars began to question Xun Zi s sect and agreed that Xun