时代精神、生态哲学与生态智慧

Times' Spirits,Ecological Philosophy And Ecological Wisdom

党的"十八大"提出走向社会主义生态文明新时代。这个新时代是一个超越工业文明时代的大时代,还只是工业文明时代的一个新阶段?对此,有两种根本不同的回答。如果我们把生态文明新时代看作一个超越工业文明时代的大时代,则这个时代的基本特征将是绿色发展,而工业文明时代的基本特征是"黑色发展"。新时代必有其新精神。工业文明时代的时代精神以现代性哲学为其精华,生态文明新时代的时代精神则将以生态哲学为其精华。生态哲学的基本内容包括生机论的自然观、谦逊理性主义的知识论、整体主义的方法论、自然主义的价值论和超越物质主义的价值观。生态哲学是指引人们培养生态智慧的基本指南。生态智慧是人在这个世界上做永久性好事的德性和能力,是伦理的、灵感性的实践能力。熟读生态哲学未必有生态智慧,但不懂生态哲学必然没有生态智慧。生态哲学将通过指引人们追求生态智慧而成为生态文明新时代的时代精神的精华。

The 18th Congress of CCP declares that we are going to a new times of socialist ecological civilization. Is the new times beyond the times of industrial civilization,or just a new period of the times of industrial civilization? To this question,there are two radically different answers. I take the new times as one beyond the times of industrial civilization,and I think that the basic characteristic of the times of ecological civilization is its green development,while the basic characteristic of the times of industrial civilization is its ‘black development'. The new times has its new spirits surely.The essence of the spirits of the times of industrial civilization is the philosophy of modernity. And the essence of the spirits of the times of ecological civilization will be ecological philosophy. Ecological philosophy mainly includes ontology of vitalism,epistemology of humble rationalism,methodology of holism,axiology of naturalism and values beyond materialism. Ecological philosophy is the guidance for people to get ecological wisdom. Ecological wisdom is the virtues and abilities to do real and permanent goods in the world,and it is ethical andinspirational and practical. If you just know ecological philosophy,it is not necessary for you to have ecological wisdom. But if you don't know anything about ecological philosophy,you definitely don't have ecological wisdom. Guiding people to pursue ecological wisdom,ecological philosophy will become the essence of the times spirits in the times of ecological civilization.