武昌起义前夕长江流域省份新军状况研究——以徐树铮《参观宁镇湘鄂皖陆军禀报》为中心

Study on the New Army of Four Provinces along the Yangtze River on the Eve of Wuchang Uprising——Based on Xu Shu-zheng's Army Report of Jiangsu,Hunan,Hubei and Anhui provinces

现藏于北京大学图书馆的《参观宁镇湘鄂皖陆军禀报》,是宣统三年江北督练公所参议官徐树铮随陆军部官员参观江苏、湖南、湖北、安徽四省新军的考察报告。作为一位留日初归、意欲了解本国练兵实情的新军军官,徐树铮在考察报告中详细记录了武昌起义前夕长江流域省份新军的官兵素质、武器装备、营房内务及军事训练状况。同时,他还察觉到长江流域省份督抚编练新军时的消极态度,甚至有督抚对新军充满敌意。通过徐树铮的考察报告,可令人直观了解辛亥革命爆发前夕长江流域省份新军的内部状况,一方面,有利于从军事专业的角度认识新军的表与里,客观评价清末新政时期的练兵成效;另一方面,有助于从地方督抚角度解释新军转向革命的原因。

This was a report on situation of the new army of Jiangsu, Hunan, Hubei, Anhui provinces along the Yangtze River on the eve of Wuchang Uprising that the staff officer Xu Shu - zheng submitted, which was collected by Peking University library. Xu Shu - zheng showed us the situation about officers,and soldiers, quality, weaponry, barracks and military training of four provinces along the Yangtze River. Meanwhile he found that the four regional governors who were unwilling to expand the new army or even hostility against them. By using Xu Shu - zheng,s perspective, we could realize and appraise the new army from multi - dimensional perspective, and explain why the new army responded to Wuchang Uprising from the perspective of lo-cal governors.