媒介、主义与政争:五四前后吴佩孚的崛起与权势转移

Media,Ideology and Power Struggle: Wu Pei-fu's Rise and the Power Transformation during the May Fourth Movement Period

从1918年8月到1920年8月的两年间,吴佩孚实现了从"北洋师长"到"政治领袖"的身份转型,而这一转型,除了吴氏拥有的军力因素之外,还与其借助大众媒介的宣传造势有关。也就是说,吴佩孚是通过"公电"媒介来传播他的"民治主义"、"民族主义"、"和平主张"而获得社会舆论的支持。在五四新文化运动的语境下,吴佩孚应时而动,通过大众传媒将自己打扮成一个反对"军阀主义"和重视民意的爱国军人形象,而将段祺瑞、徐树铮为首的皖系军阀作为对抗五四新潮流的"反面对象",予以尖锐批判。在与皖系军阀的政治较量中,吴佩孚高举反日爱国的民族主义旗帜,获得了政治斗争的话语权,并最终通过1920年的直皖战争打败皖系军阀,实现了他的政治优势与军事优势的双结合,完成中国政治权势从皖系到直系的转移。

Wu Pei-fu's identity changed from 'warlord' to 'political leader' during the May Fourth Movement period.By means of the media like public telegram,Wu Pei-fu succeeded in making public opinion which supported his political views. He declared himself a patriotic warlord who was different with Anhui Province warlords such as Duan Qi-rui and Xu Shu-zheng. Under this political context,Wu Pei-fu defeated Anhui Clique in 1920. As a result,Wu Pei-fu and his Zhili Clique army was successful in getting the political power of China.