清朝至民国时期徽州钱会利率及运作机制考述——基于89份徽州钱会文书的考察

On the Interest Rate and Operation Mechanism of ROSCA in Huizhou from the Qing Dynasty to Republic of China: Analysis Base on 89 Folk Documents of Huizhou

钱会作为传统融资与互助的民间组织形式广泛存在于近代社会,具有自发性、互助性和风险性。清代至民国时期,徽州民间钱会具有较为成熟的运行机制,合会活动颇为兴盛。传统徽州钱会形式多样,以轮会和摇会最为多见。钱会的广泛存在适应了基层民众借贷融资等多元经济需求。参会者以借贷融资、互助合作为原则,依据会规维系彼此的利益关系。在钱会的实际运作中,因缺乏强有力的保障与约束机制,往往存在拖欠会款、会股流转以及中途倒会的现象。

ROSCA had been widely used in modern society as a traditional form of financing and mutual assistance. It has the characteristics of spontaneity,mutual assistance and equality. From the Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China,ROSCA of Huizhou country had a more mature operating system,and it was very prosperous. This period of ROSCA had developed a variety of forms,particularly rich in earning in turn or by drawing lots. Which extensive existence has been adapted to the social public borrowing and financing as well as other diverse economic needs. Participants in ROSCA were under the rules to maintain the relationship between each other,and abided by the principle of borrowing and financing and cooperation and mutual assistance. Without an effective security and restraint mechanisms,it was a common phenomenon of failing to fulfill obligation,transferring of equity and even breaking the contract in its actual operation.