液力减振器阻尼特性的试验研究

Experimental Study on Damping Characteristic of Hydraulic Shock Absorber

液力减振器是汽车上常用的减振器,为了研究液力减振器的阻尼特性,首先分析了液力减振器的结构和工作原理,然后利用减振器特性综合试验台对随机购买的4种液力减振器进行了阻尼特性试验,分别得出示功图,由示功图分析了减振器在性能上存在的缺陷,并用数学方法验算了减振器的空程性畸变,与试验结果一致,同时也分析了频率对空行程的影响。通过试验分析了频率对阻尼特性的影响和减振器的阻尼衰减性,为减振器的设计改进及使用提供了参考依据。

Hydraulic shock absorber is widely used in vehicle. In order to study damping characteristic of hydraulic shock absorb-er ,firstly the structure and working principle of a hydraulic shock absorber were analyzed. Then the four hydraulic shock absorbers pur-chased with machine were tested for damping characteristic on shock absorber test instrument, and the power indicator diagram was presented separately. The performance defects of the four hydraulic shock absorbers were analyzed by the power indicator diagram. The idle stroke distortion of the shock absorber was checked mathematically, which was consistent with the experimental results. The influ-ence of the frequency on idle stroke was also analyzed. Finally the effect of the frequency on damping characteristic is tested, and the damping decay of the shock absorber is analyzed, which provide a reference for the improvement in design and use of shock absorber.