广州市3841位离退休干部健康体检的调查分析及思考

Analysis on the physical examination among 3841 retired cadres in Guangzhou

目的分析广州市离退休干部的体检结果,为疾病的预防和治疗提供依据。方法以2015年在我院进行体检的离退休干部为对象,对其中有相同体检内容的3 841位的结果进行分析,探讨该人群中阳性体征检出率最高的前15种疾病,以及这些疾病在不同性别人群中的差异,并与2014年检出结果进行对比。结果总体人群前15种阳性体征检出率疾病中,大部分疾病的检出率在不同性别人群有统计学差异。老年性白内障(总人群检出率67.56%)、高血压病(46.6%)、结节性甲状腺肿(44.18%)位居前三位;与2014年的检测结果相比,老年性白内障、高尿酸血症、胆囊结石这三种疾病的检出率有所下降,而结节性甲状腺肿、痔疮、慢性咽炎、高脂血症、胆囊炎这五种疾病的检出率有所上升(差异均有统计学意义,P<0.05)。结论离退休人员性别差异罹患各种疾病的几率不同,男性更易罹患老年性白内障、高尿酸血症、牙周炎、牙龈炎、脂肪肝、糖尿病、胆囊炎。女性更易罹患结节性甲状腺肿、痔疮、慢性咽炎、高脂血症。定期健康体检后的进一步健康管理还相当薄弱,健康干预日益迫切需要。

Objective We analyzed the physical examination results of retired cadres,to acquaint the health status of the targeted population and provide the basis for the disease prevention and treatment. Methods Among the retired cadres who conducted healthy examination in the successive two years of 2014 and 2015,we selected 3841 cases of which examination items were the same in these two years. Based on their healthy examination results,we investigated the diseases of which detected rates of positive sign ranked in top 15,including the different appearances between different genders,and made comparisons with that of year 2014. Results Out of the top 15 diseases,senile cataract,hypertension and nodular goiter ranked in top 3. Compared with that of year 2014,a decrease of the detection rate could be seen in three diseases namely senile cataract,hyperuricemia and cholecystolithiasis,but an increase in five diseases namely nodular goiter,hemorrhoids,chronic pharyngitis,hyperlipidemia and cholecystitis. Conclusion Regular examination is an important way to acquaint the health status of retired cadres,and find pathogenesis risk factors timely. The healthy management however is still weak after physical examination. Thus it can be seen that healthy intervention has become increasingly urgent.