地表水体中营养盐形态变化规律

Varying Pattern of Nutrient Salt Forms in Surface Water Body

针对水体中典型的营养盐N、P、Fe、Cu、Zn、Mn,通过环境因子的改变考察其形态及含量变化。结果表明,温度升高可利于NH_4^+-N转化为NO_3^--N和NO_2^--N;pH变化的影响主要在于NH_4^+-N的含量;氧化还原电位(ORP)的降低可引起水相中NH_4^+-N增加,NO_3^--N下降。就P而言,温度优先影响的P形态是可溶性总磷酸盐(DTP),pH的变化可引起水相和沉积相中P的传递及形态的转化,在ORP为-50mV和-75 mV时,显著地影响着P的含量与形态间的变化。此外,pH对Fe的影响最主要在颗粒态1(M_(P1))方面,其变化只是引起水相中Cu的形态变化,对Zn在水相和沉积相中无显著影响,可引起水相中Mn的M_(P1)与溶解态(M_(AS))和不安定态(M_(UN))的相互转化;ORP可引起Fe、Cu、Mn的形态与含量的改变,但仅影响Zn在水相中M_(P1)的量。

Variations on the species and contents of typical nutrient salts, i. e. N,P,Fe,Cu, Zn and Mn in the surface water are investigated through the regulation of different environmental factors. The results show that the rise on the solution temperature is favorable for the transformation of ammonia nitrogen （ NH4 - N） to nitrite nitrogen （ N 0 2- N） and nitrate nitrogen （N 0 ^ N ） . pH value mainly affects the contents of NH4 -N ,and the reduction of redox potentials （ 0RPs） in the solution causes the increase on NH4 - N, and decrease on N0^N in the aquatic phase. As for P,the temperature has preferential impacts on the total dissolvable phosphate （DTP）,and pH can lead to the transportation and transformation of P in the aquatic and sedimentary phases. Also,the variations on the contents and species of P are significant at 0RPs -50 mV and -75 mV. In addition,pH mostly influences the particulate form 1 （Mp1 ） of Fe,only causes the variation on species of Cu in the aquatic phase,and has no distinct impact on Zn in the aquatic and sedimentation phases. Besides,it can cause the mutually transformations between Mp1 and soluble state （ M$s ） /unstable state （ MyN ） of Mn. 0RPs can cause the variations on species and contents of Fe, Cu and Mn,but only the amount of Mp1 of Zn in the aquatic phase.