观赏树种黄花风铃木花期物候与花形态

Flowering phenology and flower morphology of Handroanthus chrysantha

黄花风铃木Handroanthus chrysantha是热带著名观赏树种。为了解其开花生物学特性,选取广东和海南6个地区栽培的黄花风铃木作为研究对象,开展花期物候观测和花形态测定,并探究影响开花性状的主要因子。结果显示:黄花风铃木的花期物候和花形态特征在不同地区间差异显著(P<0.05)。广东的黄花风铃木大多比海南开花早、花量大,平均花期比后者长约为10 d;广东黄花风铃木的花冠管高度较大,但花冠直径较小,海南则相反。相关分析显示,黄花风铃木始花日期与植株生长性状、海拔(P<0.01)以及经纬度(P<0.05)呈显著负相关,与活动积温(P<0.05)显著正相关;开花持续时间与经度(P<0.05),纬度(P<0.01)呈显著正相关,与气温和日照时数(P<0.01)极显著负相关。花量与生长性状(P<0.01),纬度(P<0.05)著正相关。花冠管高度与气温(P<0.01)显著负相关性,花冠直径与日照时数(P<0.05)显著正相关。

To fully understand the flowering biological properties of Handroanthus chrysantha, a famous ornamental tree species in the tropics, the flowering phenology and flower morphology as well as factors influencing it were studied in six areas of Guangdong and Hainan Provinces. Analyses included a variance analysis, multiple comparison analysis and correlation analysis. Results showed that flowering phenology and morphology were significantly different among the six areas（P〈0.05）. The plants in Guangdong bloomed earlier with a greater quantity of flowers than those in Hainan, and their flowering stage was on average 10 d longer than those in Hainan. The corolla height of H. chrysantha in Guangdong was longer and the corolla diameter was smaller than those in Hainan. The correlation analysis showed that the first-flowering date was significantly（P〈0.05）and negatively correlated to plant growth（P〈0.01） as well as longitude（P〈0.05）, latitude（P〈0.05）, and altitude（P〈0.01） of the planting sites, and was significantly and positively correlated（P〈0.05） to efficient accumulated temperature. Flowering duration was significantly（P〈0.05） and positively correlated to longitude（P〈0.01） and latitude（P〈0.05） but significantly（P〈0.05） and negatively correlated to temperature（P〈0.01） and sunshine hours（P〈0.01） of the planting sites. Also, a significant（P〈0.05） and positive correlation for flower quantity and growth trait（P〈0.01） vs. latitude（P〈0.05） and a significant（P〈0.05） and negative correlation for corolla height and temperature（P〈0.05） were observed as well as a significant（P〈0.05） and positive correlation between corolla diameter and sunshine time（P〈0.05）.