甘肃省藏区水土保持措施配置技术模式研究

Research of Soil and Water Conservation Measures Configuration Technology Mode in Gansu Tibetan Areas

以甘肃省藏区天祝县为研究对象,将专家咨询、实地调查和实地监测结合,对其水土流失问题进行了分析调查和评价,分生态和生产建设两方面探索适合高寒阴湿地区不同下垫面类型的水土流失治理模式,并提出了治理技术模式:耕地区"免耕种草综合配置技术、青稞–油菜与油菜–燕麦轮播",林地区"围栏造林+林下植草+高效节灌",草地区"围栏种草+节水灌溉+保水施肥",林–草–耕地交错区"乔木+灌木+生态草地+简单工程的多生物耦合互补",水蚀冻融侵蚀交错区"防渗+排水–植草覆盖",生产建设项目"剥离–养护–回铺,拦挡–苫盖–恢复""换填–挡护–排导,深挖–高挡–低排""排水、植草为主,拦挡、苫盖为辅,临时、永久结合"。

Tianzhu County of Gansu Tibetan area was taken as the research object and the soil and water loss management mode which suits for high altitude and humid regions was explored.Combining with the methods of experts' advices,field survey and testing,this paper investigated and evaluated the issues of water loss and soil erosion.The management mode of soil and water loss control divided into two aspects of ecology and productivity construction was proposed.Presented technical modes were as follows: cultivated area'notillage and grass-planting comprehensive configuration techniques,barleycanola and canolaoat alternately sowing technology'; forest area 'afforestation fence + forest grass-planting + efficient water-saving irrigation'; grass area 'fence planting grass + water saving irrigation + fertilization water retention';forest grassarable land crisscross region 'Arbor + shrub + ecology grassland + multi-biological coupling complementary of simple engineering measures'; water erosion and thaw erosion crisscross region'seepage control + drainage + grass cover'.And the soil and water loss control technology modes of construction projects are 'peeling-conservation-laying and block-thatch-recovery','replacement-patching-exhaust and deeply digging,high-block and low-drainage',and'drainage,grass-based,block and thatch supplemented,binding interim and permanent measures'.