基于唤起理论的协同创新任务难度划分研究

Research on cooperation innovation task difficulty based on arousing theory

任务分解与合作是协同创新的重要途径,确定合理的任务难度是调动创新主体最优唤起水平,从而提升创新绩效的关键。基于心理学唤起理论中作业绩效与唤起水平的倒U型曲线关系以及任务难易程度对倒U型曲线产生的偏移,构建任务难易程度影响下的协同创新收益模型。通过模型演算得到,提高任务难度有利于降低主体的最优唤起水平,提高创新资源投入分摊比例只能降低其自身的最优唤起水平,协作方的最优唤起水平反而随着分摊比例提升而提高。恰当的任务难易程度受到创新效率常数、创新收益常数以及创新资源投入比例的共同影响。以算例和案例对模型结论进行验证。研究结论有助于协同创新组织合理确定创新任务难度以及分配创新任务。

Task decomposition and collaboration are two key methods to complete collaboration innovation. Existing studies, which are related to cooperation, consider task decomposition as the core area of collaborative innovation, and emphasize the important influence produced by the tasks for innovation performance. However, how the task should be decomposed and whether task difficulty has an impact on task implementation and innovation performance or not still could not be answered yet. The research about task decomposition in product manufacturing and information technology areas ignore the effect of task difficulty on task performance. More researches need to investigate task difficulty in psychology about how to divide the task difficulty under cooperation, and how to encourage innovation performance according to the division of task difficulty. Therefore, determining the task difficulty is the key factor to guarantee reasonable task decomposition and is also the most important issue to develop progress in collaborative innovation. The research introduces the arousing theory from psychology into collaborative innovation. On the basis of inverted U-shaped curve which is used on behalf of arousing level and the shifting of inverted U-shaped curve under task difficulty, this study develops a collaborative innovation earnings model influenced by task difficulty. Through the model calculations, we find that improving task difficulty can help reduce arousing level. Improving the sharing ratio can only increase its own optional arousing level and cannot develop partner＇s optional arousing level. The degree of task difficulty is influenced by innovation efficiency, innovation profit, and sharing ratio in resource investment in innovation. Examples and case are used to validate the conclusions of the model. The first part depicts innovation task difficulty index, evoke level of innovation, innovation efficiency of the body, and innovation profit. Collaborative Innovation earnings model is developed on the basis of U-shaped curve theory and Yerkes-Dodson law. It could be visually seen through the model that the level of innovation benefit and arousing level form an inverted U-shaped curve are consistent with arousing theory. When task difficulty is high, the optimal evoke level would be closer to the origin, which is consistent with Yerkes-Dodson law. Furthermore, innovation efficiency incrementally decreases with the degree of task difficulty. The second part is separated between the task completed independently and cooperation innovation happened. Innovation profit model under innovation task difficulty is calculated in these two situations. It could be seen that innovation profit could be influenced by evoke level showing the state of inverted U curve. Moderate evoke level would help increase innovation profit. Innovation proceeds are influenced not only by the level of evoking, but also by task difficulty. The optimal evoke level would offset under the influence of task difficulty. Influenced by the difficulty of innovation tasks, the optimal evoke level is offset to low levels; and influenced by low innovation task difficulty. The optimal evoke level is offset to high level direction. Simple task cannot stimulate innovation evoke level of the body. When there are some challenging innovative tasks and more conducive to stimulating the body, there would be more improvement to evoke the level of innovation in order to complete the task with more attention and positive attitude. When collaborative innovation happens, increasing the sharing ratio of resource investment is only helpful for evoking its own desired optimum level and could not help other partners＇ evoking level. The third part includes examples and case studies used to validate the conclusions of the model. In MS Excel examples, study results are consistent with the model inference results that increasing innovation task difficulty will help reduce the body to evoke optimal level. With the development of sharing ratio in resource investment, its own optimal arouse level could be reduced while the optimal collaborative partners could not evoke the level. Innovation earnings will improve with the increase of task difficulty. Only when task difficulty is greater than Min value could the subject obtain innovation benefits. Xiamen Regional Medical Collaboration Platform is used as a case to further validate the conclusion. From field research interview, collaborative sharing of innovative resources only reduces their own level. Although playing an active role in this initiative, they do not make optimal influence on evoke levels. To improve the task difficulty level for reducing the optimal, stimulating the enthusiasm of the body involved in innovation can play a positive role. To sum up, determining a reasonable task difficulty in innovation is the key to obtaining optimal evokes level and enhancing innovation performance. Reducing task difficulty is helpful to improve the body＇s optimal evoke level. Enhancing the sharing ratio of innovation resource could only reduce its own optimal evoke level while could not help reduce that of partners. The degree of task difficulty is properly influenced by innovation efficiency, innovation profit, and the sharing ratio in resource investment in innovation. These findings will help determine innovative task difficulty and assign innovation task for innovative organization. In this paper, the traditional views of ＂simple task should be better suited for independent innovation＂ and ＂high sharing ratio of resource investment can help raise the level of partner＇s arousing level＂ are challenged. It could be seen that low task difficulty is not conducive to stimulating arousal level of innovation. High sharing ratio of resource investment could only help reduce its own arousing level instead of partner＇s.