不同施硼方法对紫花苜蓿种子产量与质量的影响

Effects of different fertilizing methods of boron on seed yield and quality of alfalfa

为研究不同施硼方法对紫花苜蓿种子产量与质量的影响,探索合理的施硼肥措施,以公农1号苜蓿为试验材料,通过田间试验研究沟施(B1,10%的植株开花时施硼砂5.3kg/hm2)、喷施1次(B2,20%的植株开花时喷施0.70%硼砂)及喷施2次(B3,20%、50%的植株开花时分别喷施0.70%硼砂)对紫花苜蓿的花粉数量、活力、不同时期叶、茎、生殖器官中硼含量、种子产量及质量的影响。结果表明,相对于对照(CK),3种施硼处理均显著(P<0.05)增加种子产量,且喷施处理组种子产量显著(P<0.05)高于B1,但B1种子质量好于喷施处理。B1通过提高结荚率和结实率来增加种子产量;B2通过提高种子重量、种子数量和结荚率来增产,但是影响种子质量;B3通过增加花序数、每花序小花数、每花序荚果数和结荚率来增产,但是增加了不正常种苗数,降低了种子发芽率。B2可以获得最高的苜蓿种子产量,但会对种子质量造成不利影响。因此,最适宜的施硼方法为B3。

To investigate the influence of different application method of boron（B）on seed yield and quality of alfalfa（Medicago sativa L.）in B deficiency conditions of Chifeng area,field experiment was conducted in 2-year old alfalfa cv Gongnong No.1treated by furrow and foliar application.For furrow application（B1）,5.3kg Borax/hm2 was applied to the furrows at initial flowering stage.For foliar application,0.70% Borax solution was sprayed once（B2）and twice（B3）during flowering stage.The pollen number and viability,B content,seed yield and quality of alfalfa were compared and investigated to determine the optimal methods for B application in alfalfa seed production.The results showed that all three different application methods of B increased the seed yield of alfalfa,and the foliar application was better than that of B1,but the seed quality of B1 was better than that of foliar application.B1,by increasing pod setting rate and seed setting rate,increased seed yield;B2,by improving the seed number,seed weight and pod setting rate,increased seed yield.However,it reduced the germination percentage and germination potential;B3,by increasing the number of racemes/stem,number of flowers/raceme,number of pods/raceme and pod setting rate,increased seed yield.However,increased the number of dead seeds and decreased the germination rate.B2 obtained the highest alfalfa seed yield,but it adversely affected the quality of the seeds.The results suggested that the optimum B application method of alfalfa for seed production was B3.