典型性治理:一种地方政府治理模式的总结——以Y省W县社会管理创新模范镇建设实践为例

Exemplary model of governance:A summary of the grass-roots governance model of the local government based on a case study of the innovative town-level construction of the social management model in W county of Y province

典型性治理主要生发于中国基层社会,在当前的晋升锦标赛体制和压力型体制之下,基层政府为了能够在短时间内取得治理成效,往往选取一些典型区域做重点投入和精心打造。典型性治理的优势在于,当上级部门的任务下达之后,受考评压力驱动,资源有限的情况下,可以将有限的资源集中于一点,在短时间内制造出"亮点",使其发挥出"示范效应"。其缺陷在于,"示范点"的典型作用发挥以大量资源和政策的倾斜为前提,容易造成马太效应的产生,优者更优,劣者更劣,对于区域均衡发展造成极大障碍,也不利于各区域之间公平正义的实现。就其本质而言,典型性治理在宏观层面体现出现有社会治理手段的低下与治理方式的粗放,在微观层面反映出上级政府对下级政府评价和评估水平尚有待提升。

The exemplary model of governance mainly emerges in the grass-roots society of China.Under the pressure of the existing system of promotion tournament,the grass-roots government often chooses some typical areas as the focus of investment and is devoted to achieving effective governance in a short time.The advantage of the exemplary model of governance is that when the task from the higher authorities is given,the local government spurred by the future appraisal can invest its limited resources in some special areas and create an exemplary ＂highlight＂in a short time.Its weakness is that it would exploit a large number of resources and preferential policies which would result in the Matthew effect,causing great obstacles to the regional balanced development,and failing in the realization of fairness and justice between different regions.In essence,the exemplary model of governance reflects the low level of social governance means and the extensive governance at the macro-level,which reveals that the evaluation by the higher authorities needs improving at the micro-level.