东晋南朝山水记的文学转向及其地位和影响

The literary turn of travel notes in the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the Southern Dynasty and its influence

东晋南朝山水记从地记中脱胎而来,其发展大致经历了州郡记-区域性山水记-单篇山水记三个阶段。山水记的发展过程中,其文本形态经历了从偏重征实性的地学散文到偏重艺术性的文学散文的转向。释慧远《游庐山记》开辟了山水记以游踪为主线写山水的新模式;谢灵运等人的山水记首开山水记中用"序"的先例;释慧远及其周围僧团创作的《庐山记》系列作品,又开山水游记"同题共作"的先河。东晋南朝山水记已经具备了游记文学的常见文体要素,并对后代山水游记产生了重要影响。东晋南朝山水记可视为中国古代游记文学的开端,是游记文学发展史上的重要一环。

The travel notes of the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the Southern Dynasty originated from the local geographical records.Its development fell into three stages：county-related records,regional records,and single-focus records.Its textual form also underwent the transformation from geographical writing to literary writing.The great Buddhist monk Shi Huiyuan＇s Travel Notes on Lushan Mountains ushered in a new model that described scenery based on travelling.Other scholars like Xie Lingyun used＂preface＂for the first time in their travel notes.The Series Books on Lushan Mountains by Shi Huiyuan and others ushered in another genre,that is,the＂co-creation＂on the same theme.The travel notes in the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the Southern Dynasty had the basic elements of the travel books as a literary genre and exerted much influence on the later travel notes;in other words,they were the first travel books as a literary genre in ancient China and a key link in the history of the travel books as a literary genre.