呼伦贝尔短尾羊产前补饲精喂对家畜个体特征及生产效益的影响

Effect of supplementary feeding on livestock and production efficiency of Hulun Buir short-tail sheep before lambing

在内蒙古草原牧区,冬季对绵羊补饲精喂的研究具有重要的意义。为研究产羔前对母畜舍饲精料后,呼伦贝尔短尾羊体重、体尺及经济效益的变化,本研究选取60对待产的呼伦贝尔短尾母绵羊作为试验对象,在母畜产羔前一个月,试验组母畜舍饲精料,对照组仅补饲干草,分析100日龄内家畜体重、体尺及经济效益变化。利用方差及偏最小二乘回归法,分析产前补饲对家畜个体、生产效益的影响及影响家畜体重的主要体尺权重,结果显示,100d时间段内,母畜体重呈先减少后增加的趋势;仔畜出生后一个月左右的时间段,试验组仔畜的胸围、胸宽、体高、胸深、体长和体斜长显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。影响呼伦贝尔短尾羊体重的主要体尺指标为:胸围、胸宽、体高和胸深,影响权重达到50%以上。补饲使得仔畜的成活率、出售价格显著高于未进行补饲的对照组(P<0.05)。通过补饲母畜不仅可以影响仔畜体重和体尺指标,而且对提高仔畜成活率和经济效益具有重要的作用,这为今后后备母羊的选育、家畜的精准淘汰提供了理论基础。

Winter feeding is a very important practice in sheep farming in Inner Mongolia grassland pastoral areas.The aim of this study was to determine the effects of supplementary feeding before lambing on sheep weight and body size,and economic benefits.Sixty pairs of Hulun Buir short-tailed sheep were selected as the test subjects.One month before lambing,the experimental group was fed with concentrated feed,and the control group was fed with only hay.Changes in the body weight,body size,and economic benefits of livestock within100 days were analyzed.Variance analyses were conducted with SAS（statistics analysis system）and partial least squares regressions were conducted with SIMCA-P11（simple principal component analysis）.These analyses allowed us to determine the effects of prenatal feeding on the individual and production efficiency of livestock,and on the main body weight of livestock.The results showed that,in the 100-day period,the weight of females decreased and then increased.The chest circumference,chest width,body height,chest depth,body length,and body oblique length were significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group at about 1month after birth（P0.05）.The main indexes influencing the body weight of Hulun Buir short-tail sheep were chest width,body height,and chest depth;together,these factors explained more than 50% of the variance in body weight.The survival rate and the selling price of newborn lambs was significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group（P0.05）.Supplementary feeding before lambing not only affected the body weight and body size indexes,but also played an important role in improving the survival rate and increasing economic benefits.These results provide a theoretical basis for the breeding and care of ewes and the precise elimination of livestock.