库恩“范式”视域下的科学问题观探析

Analysis on Concept of Scientific Problems Viewed with the Perspective of Kuhn's Paradigm

《科学革命的结构》一书的要义是分析"范式"如何改变以引起科学革命,而对"科学问题"的分析又几乎是库恩分析所有问题的切入点和中心线索。库恩是在"范式"的框架下分析科学问题,又以科学问题的演进解析"范式"的演变与科学革命的发生。他把科学问题区分为"常规问题"与"反常问题"。"常规问题"又分为实验问题和理论问题,"反常问题"分为"新颖的事实"的发现和"新颖的理论"的发明。"常规问题"与"反常问题"有着不同的解题特征和结果导向。

The essence of the Structure of Scientific Revolutions is to analyze how the changing from 'Paradigm' causes the scientific revolution,and the analysis on 'scientific problems' is almost the entry point and the key clues to all the Kuhn's analysis.Kuhn analyzes the scientific problems in the framework of 'Paradigm',and explains how the scientific revolution occurs by analyzing the evolution of science problems. He divides scientific problems into 'normal problems' and anomalies. 'Normal problems' is divided into experimental and theoretical problems,and anomalies are divided into the finding of 'new facts' and the invention of 'new theory'. 'Normal problems' and anomalies have different characteristics and results on problem solving.