北京市旅游区域竞争力评价与空间优化研究

A Study on Regional Tourism Competitiveness Appraise and Tourism Spatial Structure Optimization of Beijing

北京作为六朝古都和当代中国的首都,在其城市职能中明确提出,北京是国际著名旅游地,古都文化旅游、国际旅游门户与服务基地。特别是2008年北京成功举办奥运会以后,旅游市场空前繁荣,旅游业逐步成为推动北京城市发展的支柱产业。基于这一背景,在对北京市旅游总收入和游客住宿、购物及餐饮等主要旅游消费行为进行分析的基础上,分析了北京市"十二五"期间旅游区域经济竞争力与旅游空间结构特征,探讨了超大规模城市旅游空间结构优化问题。研究发现:北京市"十二五"时期旅游业经济总量稳步提高,但16个区的旅游经济竞争力差异显著,东城、西城、朝阳和海淀4个区接待旅游住宿、购物及餐饮消费和旅游总收入远远高于其他各区,旅游竞争优势明显;北京市各区的旅游业态虽然呈现多元发展态势,但各区的旅游资源聚集效应存在着明显差距,旅游空间发展定位不够清晰,为此,提出未来旅游空间结构优化策略和发展建议。

As the capital of six dynasties and contemporary China, the number of tourists and tourism revenue hit record high in Beijing in recent years, and Beijing has become one of the most important tourist destinations in China. Especially, after the Olympic Games were held successfully in Beijing in 2008, a unprecedented prosperity of the tourism market appeared, and tourism has gradually become a pillar industry to promote urban development of Beijing. With speeding up of the construction process of urbanization and the transformation of urban functions, the requirements for very large scale urban tourism space optimization of tourism development become more urgent. On the basis of the major tourist consumer behavior analysis for total tourism income in Beijing and tourist accommodation, shopping and dining, and so on, the economic competitiveness and space structural characteristics of tourism in Beijing were described, and tourism spatial structure optimization problem of the large scale city was discussed. It was found through this study, the total tourism economy in Beijing has been improved steadily at 12th Five-Year period, but the tourism economic competitiveness of 16 zones were significantly different. The received tourist accommodation, shopping and dining consumption and the total tourism revenue in the four districts of Dongcheng, Xicheng, Chaoyang and Haidian are far higher than other districts, and the tourism competitive advantages are obvious. In addition, although tourism format present diversified development trend in various districts of Beijing, but there is a clear gap about the gathering effect of tourism resources, and the development orientation of the tourism space is not clear. For this reason, the tour spatial structure optimization strategy and development proposals are proposed.