我国超标排放污水行政罚款制度之检讨——从江苏高邮光明化工厂603元罚款事件切入

Review of the Administrative Penalty System for Excessive Sewage Discharge——Discussing from 603 Yuan Fine Event of Jiangsu Gaoyou Bright Chemical Plant

江苏高邮光明化工厂603元罚款事件迫使我们郑重思考《水污染防治法》第74条第1款的成败得失,该款采用倍率数距式的罚款设定方式具有一定的创新性,但其无法避免法律适用上的处罚畸轻畸重现象。该款所谓的"应缴纳排污费数额"含义为何,环境保护部的前后两个行政解释以及一些地方立法作出了不同的认定,法制不统一现象由是产生。运用文义解释和历史解释的方法,"应缴纳排污费数额"应当根据排污者在实际违法排污期间排放污染物的种类、浓度和排污量予以计算,环保部的行政解释和部分地方立法有违《水污染防治法》的立法本意。在《水污染防治法》修改过程中,可以通过扩大倍率数距的距差、采用"倍率数距式+数值保底式或数值数距式"或者改用"数值数距式"的罚款设定方式对现行《水污染防治法》第74条第1款进行完善。

The recent 603-yuan fine event of Gaoyou Guangming Chemical Factory make us ponder Paragraph 1of Article 74 of ＂Water Pollution Prevention Law＂.whose fine setting mode has some innovative,but can not avoid the phenomenon of＂Jiqingjichong＂.What＇s the meaning of＂sewage charge amount to be paid＂？Two administrative interpretation of the Ministry of Environmental Protection as well as some local legislation give different definitions.Through literal interpretation and historical interpretation method, ＂sewage charge amount to be paid＂should be calculated based on emission type,concentration and quantity during the actual illegal discharge of pollutants.Administrative interpretation of the Ministry of Environmental Protection and some local legislation are inconsistent with the legislative intent of＂Water Pollution Prevention Law＂.We can improve the fine setting mode to the existing＂Water Pollution prevention law＂through three different ways.