污染环境罪:结果犯还是行为犯——以2015年1322份“污染环境罪”一审判决书为参照

Crime of Environmental Pollution:Consequential Offense or Behavioral Offense——Take the 1 322 Judgements of First Instance on Crime of Environmental Pollution in 2015 as Examples

《刑法修正案(八)》规定的"污染环境罪"是典型的"结果犯",而2013年"两高"发布《关于办理环境污染刑事案件适用法律若干问题的解释》实际上将"污染环境罪"变成了"行为犯"和"结果犯"并存。由于司法实践中,97%以上的案件均为"行为犯",可见《解释》已经实质性地改变了《刑法修正案(八)》对于污染环境罪的定性。考虑到罪刑法定原则以及当前环境形势依然严峻的背景,解决《解释》和刑法规定相冲突的较为可行的方法是在新的《刑法修正案》中,将污染环境罪修改为既包括行为犯又包括结果犯,同时提高污染环境罪的最高法定刑,以保持对严重的环境违法行为的威慑力。

The Crime of Environmental Pollution in Amendment（Ⅷ）to the Criminal Lawis a typical consequential offense.However,the Interpretation of the Supreme People＇s Court and The Supreme People＇s Procuratorate on Several Issues concerning the Application of Law in the Handling of Criminal Cases of Environmental Pollution has changed it into both consequential offense and behavioral offense.Since in the judicial practice,more than 97% of the environmental pollution crime cases are behavioral offenses,The Supreme Court＇s Interpretation has substantially changed the nature of the crime of environmental pollution in Amendment（Ⅷ）to the Criminal Law.Considering the principle of legally prescribed punishments for specified crimes and the severe environmental pollution situation,the feasible method to solve the conflict between The Amendment（Ⅷ）to the Criminal Law and the Supreme Court＇s Interpretationis to revise the crime of environmental pollution into both consequential offense and behavioral offense in new Amendment to the Criminal Law,and meanwhile enhance the maximum duration of imprisonment.