中国先进制造业技术效率的测度及政策思考

Measurements and Countermeasures of Technical Efficiency of Chinese Advanced Manufacturing Industry

中国建设制造强国,必须高度重视发展先进制造业。利用Malmquist指数测定中国先进制造业的技术效率发现:中国先进制造行业整体上全要素生产率指数表现较平稳,行业的技术前沿面外移,出现了技术进步,行业的技术效率有一定程度的改善,但规模效率没有变化。因此,未来中国发展先进制造业需要加大研发投入,促进先进制造企业生产设备的技术革新改造;培养和引进全球优秀的技术创新人才和管理人才,鼓励支持先进制造企业的创新;依托重大项目开展跨界合作和技术攻关,提高先进制造企业生产技术效率;实行生产制造方式的重大变革,推进先进制造企业的绿色制造和智能制造。

China must attach great importance to the development of advanced manufacturing industry to construct a powerful manufacturing country.In this paper,the Malmquist index is used to measure the technical efficiency of Chinese advanced manufacturing industry.The results show that the TFP index of Chinese advanced manufacturing industry is relatively stable overall;the industry＇s technology frontier has moved forward;the technological progress has emerged;the technical efficiency of the industry also continues to be improved,but the scale efficiency has not been improved.Therefore,the future development of Chinese advanced manufacturing industry needs to increase R D investments and promote the technical innovation of production equipment in advanced manufacturing enterprises;it needs to train and introduce global technology innovation talents and management talents,and motivate the innovation of advanced manufacturing enterprises;it needs to rely on major projects to carry out cross-border cooperation and technical research,and improve the technical productivity of advanced enterprises;it needs to change the mode of manufacturing production,and promote the green manufacturing and intelligent manufacturing of advanced manufacturing enterprises.