呼伦贝尔特泥河农场及周边地区草牧业生产现状调查

Survey of Production Status of Forage and Animal Husbandry in Tenihe Farm and Its Surroundings in Hulun Buir

我国草原牧区面积广阔,是草牧业发展的核心区域。呼伦贝尔草原资源丰富,是国家草牧业发展的试点区域,其草牧业的生产现状受到广泛关注。本研究拟通过调研牧民的基本生产生活,了解该地区草牧业生产现状,为草牧业发展的科学研究和政府决策提供科学根据。调查发现牧民的基本生活条件及生活环境仍然有待提高,畜产品和草产品的生产方式和生产技术落后,盲目追求饲养规模造成草畜关系紧张,应对自然灾害及市场波动的能力较低,政府政策的宣传需要加强。建议推广牧民健康合理的生活方式,新建自来水供给系统和洗浴设备及室内卫生间,科学处理家畜粪便,改善生活环境;研发和利用现有技术提高畜产品的生产效益,合理规划牧区牧民家庭的生产模式;通过降低放牧压、合理发展人工草地和购买外地优质饲草相结合的办法实现草畜平衡;探讨实行畜产品保护价机制的可能性;政府实施惠民的政策覆盖时应注意加强宣传,切实保护和增加牧民利益,从而推动实现草牧业的可持续发展。

In China, the vast prairie pastoral area is the core area of forage and animal husbandry development. The Hulun Buir grassland with rich resources is the pilot area of the forage and animal husbandry. The current status has received widespread attention. Through researching the basic production and living of herders, the pres- ent study wants to find out the current situation of forage and animal production, which can provide scientific re- search ideas and scientific basis for scientists and government decisions, respectively. According to the survey, it was found that herder＇s basic living conditions and living environment remain to be improved the production mode and technology of livestock and grass producing remain backward~ the blind pursuit of feeding scale breeds of a tension between forage and herds~ the ability to respond to natural disasters and market volatility is low for the herders, and the government＇s policy in the promotion still needs to be strengthened. Therefore, herders are ad- vised to have a healthy--reasonable life--style, including to rebuilt the system of water supply, bathing equipment and indoor lavatories, and dispose livestock manure scientifically, which improve living conditions. There is a ur- gent necessity to develop and utilize existing technology to increase manufacture efficiency of animal products,properly plan the production mode of herding families the and achieve herbage--animal balance by alleviating over --feed stress for nature grassland, developing the artificial grassland and purchasing high quality forage. It was discussed that the possibility of the economic models of animal products. And while implementing policies for the herders, the government should strengthen the propaganda, protect and increase herders interests effectively to promote sustainable development of forage and animal husbandry development.