残膜对土壤和作物的潜在风险研究进展

Potential Risks of Plastic Film Residuals on Soils and Crops:A Review

残膜作为一种持续性农业污染物,对农业生态系统的危害作用备受国内外学者关注,关于残膜对土壤性质和作物生长发育的不利影响已被很多研究证实。综述了残膜分布状况和残膜对土壤理化性质和生物性质、作物生理指标等方面的影响,具体概述了中国残膜的分布特征,残膜对土壤体积质量、孔隙度、土壤透气性、土壤重金属、酞酸酯类化合物质量分数、土壤酶活性和作物生长发育等方面的影响。为减弱残膜对土壤性质和作物的不利影响,今后应在以下几方面进行深入研究:不同类型作物的最佳揭膜期和地膜厚度;研发和推广新型残膜回收机械;残膜对农业生态系统的长期效应;残膜对不同土壤和区域的影响规律。

The residuals of plastic films used in producing foods could become a pollutant and their potential ad- verse impact on agroecological systems has attracted increased attention. Some studies have shown that these re- siduals have a detrimental effect on soil quality and crop yields. We review in this paper the distribution of plastic- film residuals in China, as well as their impact on soil quality, soil porosity, gaseous permeability of soil, heavy metals, content of phthalate esters, enzymatic activity and crop growth. To reduce the detrimental impact of plas- tic-film residualson soil quality and crop development, future research should focus on ①rational film-covering time and film thickness for different crops;②developing and implementing improved film-removing technolo- gies;③improving our understanding of the long-term effect of plastic-film residuals on agroecological systems; ④understanding the impact ofthe residuals on different soil types and textures across China.