基于水足迹理念的水资源短缺评价——以2022年冬奥会雪上项目举办地为例

Using the Theory of Water Footprint to Assess Water Scarcity:A Case Study

2022年北京冬奥会雪上项目将在崇礼区举行,随着旅游业的发展使得当地面临一定的水资源压力和风险,这对崇礼区水资源及水环境的治理和改善提出了更高的要求。以冬奥会主要雪上项目举办地崇礼区为研究区,基于水足迹理论,核算了2006―2015年崇礼区水资源消耗情况,并结合水量、水质评价崇礼区水资源压力。结果表明,崇礼区2006―2015年平均水足迹为6 232.2万m3;蓝水足迹为3 389.7万m3,其中种植业消耗蓝水足迹最多;多年平均绿水足迹为2 842.4万m3,全部来自种植业;平均灰水足迹为2 686.3万m3,其中畜牧业灰水足迹为1 524.9万m3,占比达到57%,为主要的污染来源。多年平均水量性缺水指标(Iblue)为2.19,属于重度缺水;水质性缺水指标(Igrey)均值小于1,不存在水质性缺水问题。月尺度的水短缺研究表明,崇礼区水量性水资源短缺集中在5―7月,其中5月份最大,Iblue达5.86。总体而言,崇礼区水环境状况较好,但仍存在水量性水资源短缺的情况,因此需要加强水资源管理,实现水资源的可持续利用。

The skiing in the 2022 Beijing Olympic Winter Games will be hold in the Chongli district, Zhangjiak- ou City, and the increased visitors attracted by the event to this area is likely to exert extra pressure on the al- ready fragile water supply in this region. In this paper, we analyzed the water scarcity in this region using the principle of improved water footprint which has been widely used to manageregional water resource. We calcu- lated the water consumption and water stress in Chongli from 2006 to 2015. The results showed that the average water footprint in Chongli from 2006 to 2015 was 62.32×106 m3, including 33.90× 106 m3 of blue water footprint, 28.42× 106 m3 of green water footprint and 26.86×106 m3 of grey water footprint. Crops consumed the largest pro- portion of the blue water footprint and all the green water footprints, while livestock farming used 57% of the grey water footprint. The average water quantity scarcity index （Iblue） was 2.19, meaning a severe water scarcity, while the average water quality scarcity index （Igrey） was lower than the threshold of unity. The monthly Iblue from May to July was higher than in other months, especially in May inwhich Iblue peaked at 5.86. Although the current water situation in Chongli is good, the water resources is scarce and improving water management to sustainwater consumption is necessary.