公仆型领导对员工组织公民行为影响的跨层次研究:一个有中介的调节模型

The Cross-level Effects of Servant Leadership on Employees' Organizational Citizenship Behaviors:A Mediated Moderating Model

近年来,党中央一方面对贪污腐败官员严惩不贷,另一方面对回归以"为人民服务"为核心理念的公仆型领导大力倡导,而各行各业的领导者也越来越关注日常管理中公仆型领导行为对员工态度和行为的积极影响。鉴于此,本研究对中国一家著名食品生产企业的25家分公司的90个部门中的400名员工及其领导者进行问卷调查,最终以有效的351对员工及其领导者的匹配数据为基础,对日常管理中的公仆型领导、员工心理授权、员工亲社会动机以及员工组织公民行为之间的关系进行了跨层次分析,其结果显示:(1)基于自我决定理论(self-determination theory)分析,我们发现在日常管理中公仆型领导行为可以激发员工的亲社会动机,进而增加其助人行为及建言行为;(2)在日常管理中员工心理授权可以正向调节公仆型领导与员工亲社会动机之间的正向相关关系;(3)公仆型领导与员工心理授权的交互作用仅可以通过员工亲社会动机对员工建言行为产生影响。上述研究结果对于领导者在日常管理中如何通过改善领导方式来提高员工组织公民行为具有潜在的指导意义和应用价值。

In recent years,the Chinese government has been curbing official corruptions in pursuit of a servant-style leadership that centers on serving people,and thus more and more attention has been paid to the positive effects of servant leadership on employees' attitudes and behaviors. Given this,we conduct a questionnaire survey to 400 employees and their leaders from 90 departments of 25 branches in a famous Chinese enterprise. Based on the self-determination theory,we make a cross-level analysis of the relationships among servant leadership,employee psychological empowerment,prosocial motivation and organizational citizenship behavior( OCB) in daily management. The results show that:( 1) servant leadership can provoke employees' prosocial motivation and resultantly arouse their organizational citizenship behaviors( OCB) in daily management;( 2) employee psychological empowerment can amplify the positive correlation between servant leadership and employees' prosocial motivations;( 3) the interaction between servant leadership and employee psychological empowerment is able to affect employees' voice behaviors by their prosocial motivation. These conclusions are helpful for supervisors to improve their leadership efficiency.